Julius Caesar

Biography

Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a prominent Roman general and statesman instrumental in the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, he formed a political alliance known as the First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey, which significantly influenced Roman politics. His military campaigns, particularly the conquest of Gaul, expanded Roman territory to the North Sea and included the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC. Tensions with Pompey escalated, culminating in a civil war after Caesar crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BC. Following his victory, he implemented extensive reforms and was declared "dictator in perpetuity." His assassination on the Ides of March in 44 BC by a group of senators aimed to restore the Republic but instead led to further civil strife, paving the way for the establishment of the Roman Empire under his successor, Octavius.